There were reports of Bill Ackman astroturfing. 46B this quarter. As of November 2023, Bill Ackman has an estimated net worth of $2 billion. The documentary film Betting on Zero documented his attempts. StarringWilliam Ackman. Documentary: Bill Ackman (Himself) Squawk Box: 2015: TV Series: Himself - CEO, Pershing Square Capital Mgmt: Inside Job: 2010: Documentary: Himself - Hedge Fund Manager (as Bill Ackman) Charlie Rose: 2009: TV Series: Himself - Guest: Nominated Awards . Writer/director Ted Braun follows controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman as he puts a billion dollars on the line in his crusade to expose Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history. Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman made a profit of about $200mn from his high-profile bet against US 30-year Treasury bonds, according to people familiar with the trade. He believes it is the. 99 HD . Self - Governor, Federal Reserve: Simon Johnson. Official Trailer. 1 million shares between Jan. 8 million shares in CP Rail at the end of December. Hedge fund titan Bill Ackman is on a crusade to expose global nutritional giant Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history, while Herbalife executives claim Ackman is a market. ” While Pershing Square is nursing small losses for 2022, the firm is still. . In The Edge’s. Shares fall 13 per cent in pre-market trading, down $1. Written and directed by Ted Braun. (NYSE:PSTH), a special purpose. Ackman Non-Independent Director. Beatles’ ‘Now and Then’ Mini-Documentary Tells. Controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman is on a crusade to expose global nutritional giant Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history while Herbalife execs claim Ackman is a market. Paul Getty’s grandson, John Paul Getty III. According to the. Bill Ackman is done with activist short-selling, will focus on quieter, long-term approach Published Tue, Mar 29 2022 3:05 PM EDT Updated Wed, Mar 30 2022 8:08 AM EDT Yun Li @YunLi626William Ackman was born in Chappaqua, a wealthy New York suburb in 1951. Penney Co. Billionaire activist investor Bill Ackman, the CEO of $13. 6 billion from “the big short” (100X return), and he. C. Pershing Square’s Bill Ackman found the Hindenburg Research’s report on Adani Group companies “highly credible and extremely well researched,” he said in a Twitter post, less than two days. —Bill Ackman (@BillAckman) March 10, 2023 Ackman's tweets had been viewed 1. dollar can break, the latest big money manager to take a public. Bill Ackman told Pershing Square shareholders that a 10% stake in UMG was an easy call, comparing music to food and water as a necessity. Bill Ackman isn’t afraid to say he got his Netflix Inc. Enjoy. Ackman in 2015. ABC World News, and CBS 60 Minutes, the documentary film, Betting on Zero and the podcast, The Dream. November 5, 2023 at 6:53 AM PST. 🦍JOIN GIGA UNIVERSITY AND BUILD INCOME STREAMSEarn money from day 1, build a career & network and join the 0. Product Description. Bill Ackman’s trade in March of 2020 made him one of the first traders. From 'Darfur Now' writer/director Ted Braun comes a riveting docu-thriller following controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman as he puts a billion dollars on the. $3. S. 🦍JOIN GIGA. 81. Everyone knows that Bill Ackman's billion-dollar-short campaign against Herbalife. Billionaire William Ackman, left, and wife Neri Oxman, an Israeli-American designer and professor, are at the center of a real estate controversy on the Upper West Side. Pershing Square currently manages a total portfolio value of. Last week, he and his investors in funds run by Pershing Square Capital Management swallowed a $4 billion loss on Valeant Pharmaceuticals International. Hence the title, Betting on Zero. Starring Andrew Ross Sorkin, Bill Gates, Rana Foroohar. Rent . 5 million. Ackman and the filmmaker, Theodore Braun, have said he was not involved in financing the documentary. 1 billion 2020 Net Worth: $2. ”Read an excerpt here—the full story will be released next week. In 1984, when he was a junior at Horace Greeley High School, in affluent Chappaqua, New York, he wagered his father $2,000 that he would score a perfect 800. ”. The current Bill Ackman net worth in 2022 is over $3. 1:22. Brooks, William Cohan, Julie Contreras. Runtime. S. Christopher Goodney—Bloomberg/Getty Images. The song sold 750,000 copies. Twitter/ 'Betting On Zero'Hedge fund titan Bill Ackman's years-long crusade against Herbalife is heading to the silver screen in April. Investments in publicly traded companies were made in tiny amounts by Gotham. A good documentary is a great way to learn and entertain yourself at the same time. a 55. And those broadcast has caused more attention about the virus from the general public. 18, 2022, 10:28 a. Ackman discussed his. ET. Read an excerpt here—the full story will be released next week. Julia La Roche. credit rating. 4bn) he raised for the biggest-ever special purpose acquisition company (Spac), after failing to find a suitable. Rate this. Based on price before. Herbalife, which denies being a pyramid scheme, dismissed the documentary as “propaganda. Back in January, Bill Ackman’s Pershing Square Holdings sent this letter to investors:. Bill Ackman (Morris/Bloomberg) Hedge fund manager Bill Ackman took March by storm, gaining 10. Pershing Square’s results last year could be the perfect example of why Ackman advocates for a wider lens perspective. ”. Bill Ackman’s Pershing Square Holdings jumped 7. The 46-year-old activist investor was raised in an affluent Jewish family in Westchester County, New York. Bill Ackman said a plan to deposit $30 billion into First Republic Bank creates a "false sense of confidence. In the documentary about the short called Betting on Zero (2016), Ackman. With William Ackman, Douglas M. Ackman is urging the US government to take action to protect customersNew York Jewish Week via JTA — Neighbors are objecting to the two-story glass pavilion that hedge fund manager Bill Ackman and his wife, the Israeli-born architect and designer Neri Oxman, want. 6K subscribers. By Steve Burns. Betting on Zero. Betting on Zero. Pershing Square dropped Netflix at a loss in April after holding it for just two months. Ackman. — Bill Ackman (@BillAckman) November 11, 2021. Ackman endowed an ethics program at Harvard Business School and funded a documentary series to teach business ethics, produced by the New York public television station WNET. Directed byTed Braun. Allegations of corporate criminality, covert government influence, and coopted public servants swirl throughout Betting On Zero, a riveting docu-thriller from writer-director Ted Braun (Darfur Now). DOCUMENTARY. William Ackman on IMDb: Movies, Tv, Celebrities, and more. This sparked speculation that Ackman could be endorsing Kennedy. 's skepticism on Covid vaccines Published Wed, Jul 5 2023 3:37 PM EDT Updated Mon, Jul 10 2023 9:54 AM EDT Brian Schwartz @schwartzbCNBCEverything You Need to Know About Finance and Investing in Under an HourWatch the newest video from Big Think: Big Think Edge. It is toast but Mr. Bill Ackman is sticking up for Elon Musk. . “Betting On Zero,” the documentary that has D. We’ve all read stories about those rare individuals who saw the financial crisis coming and profited handsomely from their contrarian insights. January 4, 2023. The letter F. Billionaire investor William Ackman liquidated a $1. Last year Ackman posted a gain of 26. 26 , when the stock was in the $351. 33% on the 5th and another 0. Bill Ackman founded and runs Pershing Square Capital Management. Since then, 30-year. He currently owns only six stocks. Musk is facing a. S. His Pershing Square Capital Management hedge fund has been a big winner since Ackman founded it in 2004. We’ve all read stories about those rare individuals who saw the financial crisis coming and profited handsomely from their contrarian insights. Just in the past week or so: • The Bank of Japan tweaked its yield curve. The Wall Street movie documenting Bill Ackman ( Trades, Portfolio )'s crusade against multi-level marketing company Herbalife ( HLF) and Carl Icahn. Seeing an opportunity open up, Pershing Square Capital Management, a massive hedge fund headed by Bill Ackman, purchased 3. Documentary. But two notable investors, Bill Ackman and Kevin O’Leary. The neo-Renaissance-style property was designed by Nathan Koran in 1927 and sits within the Upper. Production country . Back in January, Bill Ackman’s Pershing Square Holdings sent this letter to investors:. He became more famous when featured in the Netflix documentary “Betting on Zero,” explaining his public short bet on Herbalife. Bill Ackman recently revealed a $1. Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman has been urging the Federal Reserve to get serious on inflation since late last year. “He sold a song for $100… no way to make a living. investor Bill Ackman said on Thursday that he found short-seller Hindenburg Research's report on India's Adani Group "highly credible and extremely well researched. Bill Ackman’s trade in March of 2020 made him one of the first traders with size measured in tens of millions ever to be known to return over 100 times his money in 10 days in three weeks at the beginning of the Covid. El alto y bien presentado multimillonario fundador. Watchlist. A Lonely Crusader. Official Trailer. investor Bill Ackman said on Thursday that he found short-seller Hindenburg Research's report on India's Adani Group "highly credible and extremely well researched. The 10-year yield, the. 0:52. 4 percent in February, leaving Pershing Square Holdings up just 1. ” ~ Bill Ackman (on — The Knowledge Project #82 podcast, at 21:29) Bill Ackman initially considered selling his hedge fund’s stock holdings when news. In the early days of the pandemic, Ackman went onto CNBC to warn that “ hell is coming ” because of COVID-19, causing markets to free-fall. As of last Tuesday, it was down 3 percent for the year. 49 HD. January 19 2023. The COVID play. Rate this. The billionaire says he's willing to pursue his mission "to the end of the earth" despite big losses for his hedge. m. . Billionaire William 'Bill' Ackman is the founder of Pershing Square Capital Management, otherwise known as Pershing Square, a hedge fund with a 13F portfolio of over $7. Bill Ackman, CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management (pictured), led the charge to name the students in the Harvard organizations who put out a statement blaming Israel for the Hamas attackBy Svea Herbst-Bayliss. 0% (Ackman has since sold his stake. Explore the fascinating contradictions at the heart of the famed financier and "Lone Wolf of Wall Street," Carl Icahn, in this documentary. Bill Ackman bought the 13-room penthouse at 6-16 West 77th Street in 2018 for roughly $22. In 2016, Pearson was replaced by Joseph C. Most of his income has been earned as a portfolio manager. Illustration by Mike McQuade / Photograph by Andrew Harrer. A personal feud broke out between Bill Ackman and Carl Icahn over a company called Herbalife, with each investor taking opposing positions on the stock. Pershing Square’s Bill Ackman found the Hindenburg Research’s report on Adani Group companies “highly credible and extremely well researched,” he said in a Twitter post, less than two days. This concert celebrates fifteen years of the Silk Road Ensemble, Yo-Yo Ma’s limitless collective whose collaborative vision is to connect the world’s. Billionaire Bill Ackman's hedge fund, Pershing Square Capital, exited Herbalife ( HLF ), ending an epic five-year, $1 billion bet its stock price would crash to zero. Once the ‘darling’ of the investment community Valeant has fallen into disrepute with that same investment community. Pershing Square Capital Management has 51 employees and has Assets Under Management (AUM) of $11. A billionaire’s plans for his prewar penthouse spark fears of slippery slope scenarios on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. His hedge fund Pershing Square has notched up compounded net annual returns of over 16 per cent since 2004. Ackman was a wealthy investor manipulating the market to his advantage. government has “48 hours” to fix a “soon-to-be-irreversible mistake” by allowing Silicon Valley Bank to fail without. 5 million. The hedge fund. The amount of time spent was minimal. March 17, 2017 at 6:06 PM. Market just hasn't realized it yet. FilmBuff, a Gunpowder & Sky company For the past four years, hedge-fund billionaires Bill Ackman and Carl Icahn have engaged in an epic battle over the fate of controversial company Herbalife. 's skepticism on Covid vaccines Published Wed, Jul 5 2023 3:37 PM EDT Updated Mon, Jul 10 2023 9:54 AM EDT Brian Schwartz @schwartzbCNBC Controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman is on a crusade to expose global nutritional giant Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history while Herbalife execs claim Ackman is a market. Billionaire investor Bill Ackman urges Harvard suspensions to tackle ‘dire’ antisemitism on campus that’s ‘much worse’ than he realized. 9% in 2021. 1 hr 39 mins. Bill Ackman is doubling down on his stance that the Harvard students who stand by their organizations' statement on the Hamas-Israel war should not be allowed to hide behind the Harvard brand name. NEW YORK (Reuters) - Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman, who traditionally invests in stocks, earned roughly $200 million from a bet against U. By Catherine Brock – Updated Nov 20, 2023 at 1:39PM. Now he has doubts about the U. Bill Ackman and a fellow Harvard graduate launched Gotham Partners in 1992. To Ackman’s point, new data from the Treasury Department shows the national deficit rose almost 25% year over year to $1. Becoming Warren Buffett (2017). Herbalife shares closed Friday at $59. Once the short position was public, Ackman and Pershing Square went all out in their efforts of promoting their thesis. Salto a la fama. Investments in publicly traded companies were made in tiny amounts by Gotham. Not only has he amassed a fortune and become a billionaire through his career, but his fund, Pershing Square Capital Management, has generated. On Thursday, the SVB Financial Group-owned bank's share price tanked. The drop follows an announcement that William Ackman's Pershing Square Capital Managment has sold its final stake. A Conversation About The Economy With Bill Ackman, Major Investor And Hedge Fund Manager Of Pershing Square Capital Management Lp, Kate Kelly, Andrew Ross Sorkin And Joe Stiglitz, Economist. The investor has since added to his position. Ken Squire, 13-D Monitor founder and CNBC contributor, joins ‘Closing Bell: Overtime’ to discuss the billionaire brawl between Carl Icahn and Bill Ackman about 10 years later. “Ryan is the right choice, and importantly. Pershing Square’s Bill Ackman said Monday that he has closed his bet against 30-year Treasury bonds, saying in a series of posts on X, the social-media platform formerly known as Twitter, that. Billionaire U. The battle between Ackman and Herbalife plays out in the media, in board rooms, and on the streets in Braun's stirring. PROMOTED. Ackman, whose hedge fund bet about $1 billion that Herbalife would be exposed as an illegal pyramid scheme and forced to shut down. Mr. Production country . The US billionaire Bill Ackman has told investors he will return the $4bn (£3. Oscars Best Picture Winners Best Picture Winners Emmys Hispanic & Latino Voices STARmeter Awards San Diego Comic-Con New York Comic-Con Sundance Film Festival Toronto Int'l Film Festival Awards Central Festival Central All EventsFollowing is the unofficial transcript of a CNBC interview with Pershing Square Capital Management CEO Bill Ackman and CNBC's Scott Wapner live during the CNBC Delivering Alpha conference today. Mr. Ackman endowed an ethics program at Harvard Business School and funded a documentary series to teach business ethics, produced by the New York public television station WNET. (Patrick T. This $1. Why did Ackman sell Netflix? Bill Ackman, the head of a billion-dollar hedge fund, sold all of his shares in Netflix during a major sell-off of the stock that followed the streamer’s Q1 failure, citing new doubts about Netflix’s long-term prospects. From ‘Darfur Now’ writer/director Ted Braun comes a riveting docu-thriller following controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman as he puts a billion dollars on the line in his crusade to expose Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history. (Pershing Square) One of the participants in the film says she lost more than $100,000 on Herbalife. Writer/director Ted Braun follows controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman as he puts a billion dollars on the line in his crusade to expose Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history. The song sold 750,000 copies. Bill Ackman is defending Elon Musk amid the X owner's antisemitism controversy. William A. S. Harvard alumnus and hedge fund. 39B to $7. In January, Ackman sold the majority of those hedges for $1. S. -0. 7. m. November 10, 2023 at 12:04 PM EST. The acquisition of a 10 per. 1 billion bet on Netflix on Wednesday, locking in a loss of more than $400 million as the streaming service's stock. Bill Ackman ’s Pershing Square Capital Management released a short, scathing documentary on the nutritional supplement company Friday that detailed the stories of frustrated former Herbalife. speech matters because it is a fundamental pillar of our American democracy — the first right granted to us in the Bill of Rights. This blog post delves into his latest documentary, exploring his triumphs, setbacks, and the impact he has made on the financial world. Bill Ackman, 55, is an American citizen and the CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management, L. A year ago, Pershing Square paid more than $150mn to put on about $100bn of hedges to protect itself against rising interest rates. At this year's TribecaLive from Tanglewood, directed by award-winning documentary filmmaker Morgan Neville, features an exhilarating Silk Road Ensemble concert performance filmed at the 2012 Tanglewood festival. Updated June 25, 2019. 6 percent. " He said the banking crisis is beyond what the private sector can solve on its own. Feb 26 (Reuters) - Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman has pledged $3. Live from Tanglewood, directed by award-winning documentary filmmaker Morgan Neville, features an exhilarating Silk Road Ensemble concert performance filmed at the 2012 Tanglewood festival. Ackman and the filmmaker, Theodore Braun, have said he was not involved in financing the documentary. Updated Oct. Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman made a profit of about $200mn from his high-profile bet against US 30-year Treasury bonds, according to people familiar with the trade. Pershing Square Capital Management has 51 employees and has Assets Under. 30-year Treasuries, calling it both a hedge on the impact of. Following is the unofficial transcript of a CNBC interview with Pershing Square Capital Management CEO Bill Ackman and CNBC's Scott Wapner live during the CNBC Delivering Alpha conference today. Billionaire investor Bill Ackman urges Harvard suspensions to tackle ‘dire’ antisemitism on campus that’s ‘much worse’ than he realized. Ackman wants $630M for Hell’s Kitchen. J. 5 billion. It's volume per day is so. Writer/director Ted Braun ('Darfur Now') follows controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman as he puts a billion dollars on the line in his crusade to expose Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history. He grew up in a. Listen. S. Among his endeavors, Mr. com was launched, ran by Pershing, and eventually, a documentary, Betting On Zero, was produced about Herbalife and Ackman’s short. Rent . Controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman is on a crusade to expose global nutritional giant Herbalife as the largest. Betting on Zero is a 2016 American documentary directed by Ted Braun. Bill Ackman decided to give it another go with the launch of Pershing Square Capital Management in 2004. Watch the manager of. Movie Info. ”. The film was nominated for the prestigious Grierson Documentary Award, an Emmy Award, two NAACP Image Awards and was named one of the Top 5 Documentaries of 2019 by the National. Harvard alumnus and hedge fund manager Bill Ackman called on university president Claudine Gay to take immediate steps to reduce antisemitism on. Bill Ackman, the activist investor, has long had an. The founder of. The new documentary is #1 on itunes. In fact, the billionaire activist said he's willing to pursue his mission "to the end of the earth" in a new big-screen documentary, which debuted Thursday at the Tribeca. Year Award Ceremony Nomination Movie; 2011: Emmy:1. Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman is taking a vocal stance against Visa, saying the credit card giant has. EDT. 02:19. On one side is Ackman, who took a $1. 22. 5 million. Billionaire investor Bill Ackman hit headlines last month when he disclosed a $1. 38. New York. “He sold a song for $100… no way to make a living. central bank’s ability to bring. Add to that list of contrarians hedge fund manager Bill Ackman (MBA ’92), whose six-year crusade to expose the financial weakness of the nation’s leading municipal bond insurer. Bill Ackman is clearly a very smart guy. Bill Ackman told Pershing Square shareholders that a 10% stake in UMG was an easy call, comparing music to food and water as a necessity. “Betting On Zero,” the documentary that has D. ABC World News, and CBS 60 Minutes, the documentary film, Betting on Zero and the podcast, The Dream. Through extensive research and interviews with major. Betting on Zero is a great documentary about controversy in the finance world…and not just one controversy, but a whole set of them. Bill Ackman Education. Bill Ackman said on Twitter that World War III may have already begun. October 17, 2016. The Gettys One of the richest. The Hong Kong dollar, the currency used by the semi-autonomous Chinese city, trades within a narrow band of 7. . In Season. November 10, 2023 at 12:04 PM EST. United States. " Shares in seven listed group companies of Adani lost $10. Bill Ackman is sticking up for Elon. ” He then received an MBA from. Since then, 30-year Treasury yields are up about. 2% in 2020. Controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman is on a crusade to expose global nutritional giant Herbalife as the largest pyramid scheme in history while Herbalife execs claim Ackman is a market manipulator out. Legalize the inflow of willing workers. 6 percent during the month and narrowing his losses for the year to 1. 2 billion (assets) hedge fund Pershing Square, which he founded in 2004. short-seller released the report. He is the founder and CEO of Pershing Square Capital Man. ”. It was a few minutes after 9 p. Ackman in 2015. C. Ackman said Netflix benefits from highly recurring revenues, adding the company has pricing power and delivers industry. February 9, 2016 at 11:31 AM. Bill Ackman's Battle to Bring Down Herbalife Hits Big Screen in New Documentary. NR. Bill Ackman winced as he watched the line of selfie-seekers form. UBS thinks it could even surge 100%. Hedge fund billionaire Bill Ackman goes for the jugular with archrival Carl Icahn on the ropes, comparing his firm to the infamous implosion of Archegos. Bill Ackman sent a letter to Harvard President Claudine Gay on Saturday. A good documentary is informative and educational without skimping on the entertainment value. Betting on Zero. January 26, 2022 2:49pm. The letter F. High Society comes out in support of billionaire's glass penthouse. Foster+Partners via NYC LPC/YouTube. ”. Two years after raising the largest-ever special purpose acquisition company, or SPAC, the billionaire Bill Ackman has concluded that he will be unable to do a deal that meets its. The Players: Bill Ackman, founder and CEO of Pershing Square Capital, a hedge fund with about $8 billion in assets; Carl Icahn, another hedge-fund manager, and old school Wall Street "raider," who. S. Bill Ackman is warning more banks may fail even if U. 25 million to help buy more than a dozen ambulances for Ukraine as it defends itself against Russia's invasion. In a recent instance, Bill Ackman made an impressive profit of $200 million by. "WWIII has likely started, but we have been slow to recognize it," the billionaire hedge-fund manager said in a tweet thread. The documentary follows hedge fund billionaire Bill Ackman as he tries to push multi-level marketing company Herbalife to bankruptcy. (Source: Bloomberg data) Long-dated government bonds are going through a rough patch. On one side is Ackman, who took a $1. In 2022, the hedge fund posted an 8. Herbalife was the target of Bill Ackman once again on Tuesday — this time via a 20-minute mini-documentary. In Season. The billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman has been told to revise his plan for a penthouse apartment on top of a historic Manhattan building after his neighbours complained that it looked. His personal net worth currently stands. Then he aggressively pushed the iconic. “Often, we are not capable of predicting a business’ earnings power over an extended period of time. Activist investor Bill Ackman scoops up late author's UWS co-op. The film was nominated for the prestigious Grierson Documentary Award, an Emmy Award, two NAACP Image Awards and was named one of the Top 5 Documentaries of 2019 by the National. Bill Ackman Net Worth: Bill Ackman is an American hedge fund manager and philanthropist who has a net worth of $3. 21 and Jan. In this eye-opening documentary, hedge-fund manager William Ackman attempts to prove. Watch the full documentary on Bill Ackman's short position on herbalife. New York. Harvard alumnus and hedge fund. 3. Betting on Zero (2017) Watch Now . Bill Ackman and a fellow Harvard graduate launched Gotham Partners in 1992. Watch Bill Ackman's new mini-documentary for his infamous Herbalife short. As of November 2023, Bill Ackman has an estimated net worth of $2 billion. At this year's Tribeca Film Festival, Ackman and his big short bet will be featured in a documentary film called "Betting on Zero," directed and written by Ted Braun. Bill Ackman, 55, is an American citizen and the CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management, L. Movie Info. Writer/director Ted Braun follows controversial hedge fund titan Bill Ackman as he puts a billion dollars on the line in his crusade to. Herbalife claims Ackman is simply a market manipulator out to make a fortune from short-selling. Billionaire hedge fund CEO Bill Ackman has called on Harvard University President Claudine Gay to take steps to reduce a rise in “blatant antisemitism” and “anti-Israel attacks” on campus. Netflix. Mr. Richard Drew/AP Some of the best-known names in investing are betting big on artificial intelligence stocks. The trade. News Reporter. When Ackman revealed the purchase, he didn’t say what he paid.